RECONSTRUCTING A BROKEN UNION

I. Reconstruction:
Jourdon Anderson

II. Political Reconstruction:
A. LINCOLN’S PLAN FOR RECONSTRUCTION

B. CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION
Both Radicals and Moderates had plans:

1. RADICALS:

Thaddeus Stevens & Charles Sumner

“The foundations of their institutions
must be broken up and re-laid, or all our blood and treasure will have been spent in vain.” (Stevens)

“40 Acres and a Mule”

Was redistribution of land a real option?
Was redistribution of land a good option?

2. MODERATES:
Wade-Davis Bill (“ironclad oath”)
--passed Congress at end of 1864:
--sent to the President and…

C. JOHNSON'S RESTORATION
1. Freedmen's Bureau
2. Black Codes

D. RADICALS STRIKE BACK
1. First Civil Rights Bill (1866)
2. 14th Amendment (1867)
3. First Reconstruction Acts (1867)
4. Tenure of Office Act
5. Fifteenth Amendment

E. The Compromise of 1877
Hayes versus Tilden

III. Why does Reconstruction Matter?

Frederick Douglass (1865):
"Slavery is not abolished until the black man has the ballot."

The Souls of Black Folk (1901) W.E.B. DuBois:
"For this much all men know: despite compromise, war, and struggle, the Negro is not free. In the backwoods...he may not leave the plantation of his birth...in the whole rural South the black farmers are...bound by law and custom to an economic slavery, from which the only escape is death or the penitentiary. In the most cultured sections and cities of the South the Negroes are a segregated and servile caste, with restricted rights and privileges. Before the courts, both in law and custom, they stand on a different and peculiar basis...The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line."